Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, also named Alexander II Kara?or?evi? (Serbian Cyrillic: ?????????? II ????????????; born 17 July 1945), was the last heir-apparent or heir-presumptive to the defunct throne of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and is currently the claimant to the abolished throne of the precursor Kingdom of Serbia. He is the head of the House of Kara?or?evi?. Alexander is the only child of former King Peter II and his wife, Alexandra of Greece and Denmark. He held the position of crown prince in the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia for the first four-and-a-half months of his life, from his birth until his father's deposition by Yugoslavia's communist authorities in late November of the same year.
Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he enjoys close relationships with his relatives in the British royal family, and is known for his support of monarchism and his humanitarian work. His godfather was King George VI and the then-Princess Elizabeth (the future Elizabeth II). The Queen of the United Kingdom is his third cousin, as are the former King of Greece, and the former King of Romania.
Video Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
Status at birth
As with many other European monarchs during World War II, King Peter II left his country to establish a government-in-exile. He left Yugoslavia in April 1941 and arrived in London in June 1941. The Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces capitulated.
After the Tehran Conference, the Allies shifted support from royalist Chetniks to communist Partisans. Commenting on the event and what happened to his father, Crown Prince Alexander said, "He [Peter II] was too straight. He could not believe that his allies -- the mighty American democracy and his relatives and friends in London -- could do him in. But that's precisely what happened." In June 1944 Ivan ?uba?i?, the Royalist prime minister, and Josip Broz Tito, the Partisan leader, signed an agreement that was an attempt to merge the royal government and communist movement.
On 29 November 1943, AVNOJ (formed by the Partisans) declared themselves the sovereign communist government of Yugoslavia and announced that they would take away all legal rights from the Royal government. On 10 August 1945, less than a month after Alexander's birth, AVNOJ named the country Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. On 29 November 1945, the country was declared a republic and changed its name to People's Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
In 1947, all members of Alexander's family except for his grand-uncle Prince George were deprived of their Yugoslavian citizenship and their property was confiscated.
As of 8 July 2015 the High Court in Belgrade found that decree 392, issued by the Presidency of the Presidium of the National Assembly on 3 August 1947, which deprived King Peter II and other members of the House of Kara?or?evi? of their citizenship, was null and void from the moment of its adoption, in the parts pertaining to Crown Prince Alexander, and that all of its legal consequences are thus null and void.
Maps Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
Birth and childhood
Alexander was born in Suite 212 of Claridge's Hotel in Brook Street, London. The British Government is said to have temporarily ceded sovereignty over the suite in which the birth occurred to Yugoslavia so that the crown prince would be born on Yugoslav territory, though the story may be apocryphal, as there exists no documentary record of this.
He was christened at Westminster Abbey. His godparents were King George VI and Princess Elizabeth, now Queen Elizabeth II. He was the only child of King Peter II and Queen Alexandra and the only grandchild of King Alexander of Greece by his wife Aspasia Manos.
His parents were relatively unable to take care of him, due to their various health and financial problems, so Alexander was raised by his maternal grandmother. He was educated at Institut Le Rosey, Culver Military Academy, Gordonstoun, Millfield and Mons Officer Cadet School, Aldershot, and pursued a career in the British military.
Military service
Alexander graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1966 and was commissioned as an officer into the British Army's 16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers regiment, rising to the rank of captain. His tours of duty included West Germany, Italy, the Middle East, and Northern Ireland. After leaving the army in 1972, Alexander, who speaks several languages, pursued a career in international business.
Marriages
On 1 July 1972 at Villamanrique de la Condesa, near Seville, Spain, he married Princess Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza, from the Brazilian Imperial Family. They had three sons: Peter (born 5 February 1980), and fraternal twins: Philip and Alexander (both born 15 January 1982).
By marrying a Roman Catholic, Alexander lost his place in line of succession to the British throne, which he had held as a descendant of Queen Victoria through her second son Alfred, although forfeiture of succession rights on the basis of marriage to a Roman Catholic was retroactively rescinded in 2015. Alexander is also descended from Queen Victoria's eldest daughter Victoria. His sons remain in the line of succession to the British throne.
Alexander and Maria da Gloria divorced in 1985. Crown Prince Alexander married for the second time, Katherine Clairy Batis, the daughter of Robert Batis and his wife, Anna Dosti, civilly on 20 September 1985, and religiously the following day, at St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Church, Notting Hill, London. Since their marriage, she is known as Princess Katherine, as per the royal family's website.
Return to Yugoslavia
Alexander first came to Yugoslavia in 1991. He actively worked with the opposition to Slobodan Milo?evi? and moved to Yugoslavia after Milo?evi? had been deposed in 2000.
On 27 February 2001, the parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) passed legislation conferring citizenship on members of the Kara?or?evi? family. The legislation may also have effectively annulled a decree stripping the family of its citizenship of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1947.
The annulment was the topic of some debate. Notably, the FRY was not the successor of the SFRY; rather the FRY was a new state (and was admitted to the United Nations as a new state on that basis). Therefore, the jurisdiction of a new state to annul an action of a different former state was questioned. In effect, the Kara?or?evi? family had FRY citizenship conferred upon them, not "restored" as such.
The FRY legislation also addresses restoration of property to the Kara?or?evi? family. In March 2001, the property seized from his family, including royal palaces, was returned for residential purposes with property ownership to be decided by parliament at some later date.
He currently lives in the Royal Palace (Kraljevski Dvor) in Dedinje, an exclusive area of Belgrade. The Palace, which was completed in 1929, is one of two royal residences in the Royal Compound; the other is the White Palace, which was completed in 1936.
Belief in constitutional monarchy
Alexander is a proponent of re-creating a constitutional monarchy in Serbia and sees himself as the rightful king. He believes that monarchy could give Serbia "stability, continuity and unity".
A number of political parties and organizations support a constitutional parliamentary monarchy in Serbia. The Serbian Orthodox Church has openly supported the restoration of the monarchy. The assassinated former Serbian Prime Minister Zoran ?in?i? was often seen in the company of the prince and his family, supporting their campaigns and projects, although his Democratic Party never publicly embraced monarchy.
Crown Prince Alexander has vowed to stay out of politics. He and Princess Katherine spend considerable time engaging in humanitarian work.
The Crown Prince has, however, increasingly participated in public functions alongside the leaders of Serbia, the former Yugoslav republics and members of the diplomatic corps. On 11 May 2006, he hosted a reception at the Royal Palace for delegates attending a summit on Serbia and Montenegro. The reception was attended by the Governor of the National Bank of Serbia, as well as ambassadors and diplomats from Slovenia, Poland, Brazil, Japan, United States, and Austria. He later delivered a keynote speech in front of prime ministers Vojislav Ko?tunica and Milo ?ukanovi?. In the speech he spoke of prospective Serbian membership of the European Union. He told delegates:
In addition, we in Serbia and Montenegro must take into account that whatever form we take within the European Union, we have only but one choice and that is to work for the common good of all member nations. It is also central to take into account that stability in our region will be enhanced when Serbia is fully at peace with itself.
Following Montenegro's successful independence referendum on 21 May 2006, the re-creation of the Serbian monarchy found its way into daily political debate. A monarchist proposal for the new Serbian constitution has been published alongside other proposals. The document approved in October 2006 is a republican one. The Serbian people have not had a chance to vote on the system of government.
The Crown Prince raised the issue of a royal restoration in the immediate aftermath of the vote. In a press release issued on 24 May 2006 he stated:
It has been officially confirmed that the people of Montenegro voted for independence. I am sad, but I wish our Montenegrin brothers peace, democracy and happiness. The people of Montenegro are our brothers and sisters no matter what if we live in one or in two countries, that is how it was and that is how it will be forever.
I strongly believe in a Constitutional Parliamentary Kingdom of Serbia. Again, we need to be proud, a strong Serbia that is at peace with itself and with its neighbors. We were a proud, respected and happy country in the days of my great grandfather King Peter I. So, we can do it! Only if we have a form of governance close to the Serbian soul: the Kingdom of Serbia.
Simply, the King is above daily politics, he is the guardian of national unity, political stability and continuity of the state. In Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchies the King is the protector of public interest: there is no personal or party interest. What is most important is the interest of Serbia.
I am ready to meet all our politicians; we have to work together for the common good of Serbia, and to be friends in the name of the future of our country. I appeal for the end of the continuous political wrangling, division and arguments. I appeal for mature democratic debate in the interest of Serbia. Serbia must have clear and realistic objectives.
In 2011 an online open access poll by Serbian middle-market tabloid newspaper Blic showed that 64% of Serbians support restoring the monarchy. Another poll in May 2013 had 39% of Serbians supporting the monarchy, with 32% against it. The public also had reservations with Alexander's apparent lack of knowledge of the Serbian language. On 27 July 2015, newspaper Blic published a poll "Da li Srbija treba da bude monarhija?" ("Should Serbia be a monarchy?"); 49.8% respondents expressed support in a reconstitution of monarchy, 44.6% were opposed and 5.5% were indifferent.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 17 July 1945 - 29 November 1945: His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
- 29 November 1945 - Present: His Royal Highness Crown Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia
- officially in Serbia: 17 July 2001 - present: Aleksandar Kara?or?evi?
- known in Serbia: 17 July 2001 - present: Crown Prince Alexander II Kara?or?evi?
Honours
Dynastic honours
- House of Kara?or?evi?: Sovereign of the Royal Order of Saint Prince Lazar
- House of Kara?or?evi?: Sovereign of the Royal Order of the Star of Kara?or?e
- House of Kara?or?evi?: Sovereign of the Royal Order of the White Eagle
- House of Kara?or?evi?: Sovereign of the Royal Order of the Crown
- House of Kara?or?evi?: Sovereign of the Royal Order of Saint Sava
- Brazilian Imperial Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross
- Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Two Sicilian Royal Family: Knight of the Royal Order of Saint Januarius
- Two Sicilian Royal Family: Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Justice with Collar of the Two Sicilian Royal Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
Foreign honours
- France: Commander of the Order of the Legion of Honour
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Collar of the Order of Merit
- Sweden: Recipient of the 50th Birthday Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf
- Sweden: Recipient of the 70th Birthday Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf
- United Kingdom: Recipient of the General Service Medal
?cclesiastical Awards
Ancestors
See also
- Monarchs of Yugoslavia
- Monarchs of Serbia
- Monarchy
- Kara?or?e Petrovi?
- History of the Balkans
- History of Europe
- Wars of Yugoslav succession
References
- Notes
- Footnotes
Books, letters and articles
- Fenyvesi, Charles (1981). Royalty In Exile. London: Robson Books Ltd. ISBN 0-86051-131-6.
- Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (1981). Lines of Succession. London: Orbis Publishing. ISBN 0-85613-276-4.
- Pavle, Patriarch (29 November 1981). Letter to HRH Crown Prince Alexander II. Belgrade.
- Luxmoore, Jonathon (8 December 1981). Serbian Orthodox Leader Calls For Monarchy To Be Reintroduced. Belgrade: Ecumenical News Daily Service.
External links
- Official Royal Family website
- Royal Mausoleum Oplenac
- Crown Prince Alexander II Foundation for Education
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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